Richard Feynman wrote about those who think understanding math means understanding physics: "Only it doesn’t work that way. Mathematicians who study physics with that point of view, and there have been many of them, usually make little contribution…. A physical understanding is a completely un-mathematical, imprecise, and inexact thing, but absolutely necessary for a physicist". He quote’s Dirac, "I understand what an equation means if I have a way of figuring out the character of its solution without actually solving it.

As John Wheeler suspected, the Gödel theorem (1931) means all formalism, including the Principle of Relativity, falsely promises completeness. Einstein’s efforts were doomed by first principle, and Wheeler’s claim that physical law is not independent of observation is justified. Newton’s "corpuscle" is made alive and dual nested as the source and sink of all energy; an immersing, circulating dark matter that imparts that gives energy and continuity to visible matter. Bell’s Inequality, Gauss, Riemann and Bohm surface-hidden variables, Einstein’s Continuous Field, and Newton’s Instantaneously Applied Force all come together. Weak and strong force become long and short path extruded y - curves coming out of atomic nuclear cores that store and release electrons in prodigious numbers. Mass is a derived quantity that defines energy surface density and indicates the number of releasable electrons stored in the growable core MDCOG, per E = Mc². When core-expanding, releasable proton shell-orbit electrons of an atom are expended, an immutable 10^-14 cm black hole of constant, maximum mass remains as causal field origin.

"Behind it all is surely an idea so simple, so beautiful, so compelling, that when – in a decade, a century, or a millennium we grasp it, we will all say to each other, how could it have been otherwise? How could we have been so stupid for so long? ….to the still unknown person(s) who will further illuminate the magic of this strange and beautiful world of ours by discovering How come the quantum? How come existence?" For this author, no one in physics has been more prophetic.

Kepler’s universal harmony (UH) is Re/G = 3(v_R)² = ÖM = Ö[3(v_G)²] , where e is the Unit Energy Vector, G is the radius of a mass pt on the surface of the R-size mass pt, v_R and v_G are the spin and vibration speeds of R and G, and M is the mass of R as the count of G-size mass pts forming its surface. The new field equation is G_S = e /T_S. S is one of 6 degrees of freedom, and T_S =e /G_S is local space 6-way vibration force vector. Using T’ = 3(v_R)²/R for the spherical symmetry value of T_S, one sets kT + k = mv² + k = hT’; T is °K, while k and h are Boltzmann and Planck constants. T’ = (k/h)(T+1) is a new absolute temperature and measure of unified force as radiation applied outward at G on R. G_S is the variable unit of distance over which force travels. G on the surface of R is warped six ways to index energy passage flux. Einstein’s field equation is G = 8pT where T is the Stress Tensor. Einstein’s G vanishes to indicate "flat space". G is here always finite; for a closed, infinite universe.

On the meaning of color: a revolutionary clarification of physic

In Steven Weinberg’s "Dreams of a Final Theory" (1994), Chapter II, "On a Piece of Chalk", he starts out with a quote from Shakespeare’s King Lear:

"Fool: ...The reason why the seven stars are no more than seven is a pretty reason.

Lear: Because they are not eight?

Fool: Yes, Indeed. Thou wouldst make a good fool."

The author imagined a more insightful dialogue for the chapter:

God: Chalk is white. Why?

Nobel Prize winning physicist: Because it is not any other color.

God: Thou wouldst make a good devil.

Because the physicist of the 20^th Century was not able to truly see why chalk is white, God’s truth has not yet been touched by science. Albert Einstein believed the chance-ridden answer as to why chalk is white was wrong, and tried for 30 years to set it right. Now as we enter the 21^st Century a few Nobel Prize winning physicists tell us that what disgusted Einstein must be a signal part of a final theory which they feel we have almost reached! Francis Crick and Steven Weinberg seem particularly unprepared for final truth to the author’s understanding from reading their best selling books. Thanks to P.W. Bridgman’s "The Nature of Physical Theory" (1936), and Leon Lederman’s "The God particle" (1994), there are very notable exceptions to Nobel Laureate’s being unprepared for final truth.

The current standard model of the universe answer to why chalk is white is given in more detail by Weinberg, but his simplest answer as given above is as good as his formal answer per the established dogma of modern physics. The cause for color is laid solely on energy state changes inside the atom as defined only by abstract quantum mechanics that is not mechanics at all but a devilish wrong turn as a search for final truth. White chalk is nature’s presentation of all colors, and is explained only by a spectral symphony of molecule sized radiating rings of atoms.

Reading Weinberg’s book convinced the author that experiment data have been mechanically misinterpreted from the start. German physicist Gustav Robert Kirchoff of Konigsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia), sometime prior to 1845, discovered that every radiating body could be described in terms of frequency and temperature alone! Kirchhoff had unknowingly exposed a final truth about physical reality as we experience it; that dark and visible matter oppositely and compatibly granulate (change color) as a function of temperature. A spinning black hole MDCOG is smallest granulation for the given field; as causal, origin mass pt = math pt.

Space is indeed elastic; unit distance is variable and told to us by frequency, as given by the radius, R, of the radiating mass pt = causal math pt, and temperature indexes outward directed thermal force of the math pt energy surface boundary. The product RT is a field strength marking local energy state! Color is about the size and average vibration displacement of the radiating energy-surface; per f = v/2pR, where v = c momentarily, as a very dynamic local energy surface and gravity field event horizon encapsulation. At both the boundary and inside the radiating atom and molecule, the ratio of frequency expressed as R, to the vibration displacement, G, of the surface of R is such that Re/G = 3v², where v varies from c at the field boundary to 237c at the MDCOG. The shrinking depth of each concentric electron orbit shell defines energy per variable unit distance of travel as local unified force and new absolute average temperature as field structure; per T’ = 3(v_R)²/R = e/G. As unified force applied on a replacement sphere basis, T’ is vibratory energy steady-state average for each shell, from event horizon to black hole MDCOG.

When v = c, then G and R index one another so that wavelength as color can be expressed in terms of R or G, and T’ = 3(v_R)²/R so that T’ is a tight coupling of R and G. T’ at the visible object surface tells of the average size of the radiating molecule under current energy density ambience at the given location, R, in the field. UH also requires R3(v_R)² = G3(v_G)², or 3(v_G)²e /3(v_R)² = 3(v_R)² = Re/G for all values of v, whether for spin and vibration speed of R or G! This tautological coupling of nested motion, energy and spatial extension is experienced as f = v/2pR!

Frequency-wavelength--speed per f = v/2pR became innocently obscured by French physicist Louis-Victor de Broglie. In 1924, De Broglie proposed that wavelength might be best expressed as the ratio of Planck’s constant, h, and the momentum of the wave-particle. That is, he proposed that l = h/r, where r is the momentum of the particle as a wave. De Broglie’s proposal was grabbed by Bohr and others to solve the problem of the spectra not lining up with the atomic radius, and quantum mechanics had its beginning. Einstein had discovered light quanta as photons having energy, hf, and mass, hf/c², even though they are waves. Kinetic energy/mass/speed here is about 1-axis movement for outward radiation only, and since momentum is mass times speed or mv, r = (hf/c²)c, and l = h/(hf/c²)c = c/f = 2pR. Simple mechanics should not have died. But because a vaguely defined 3-D wave-spreading of energy was involved, the abstract idea of "momentum space" won out such that probability replaced local determinism. Old fashion mechanics and determinism appeared superceded in the direction of small and Shröedinger and Einstein were very displeased as Max Born and Niels Bohr prevailed.

A single y-curve photon event = location in space, is a variable shape and volume gravity field as a function of T’; which indexes dark matter granularity or surface curvature as Eddington and Einstein inadequately defined it. Wheeler’s Geon’s are gravity field mass pts with energy surfaces defined by G-size Higgs particle bosons that form an encapsulating electrodynamic field, whose variable volume of radius R expands and shrinks as a function of T’, but always so that Re/G = 3v², and serves to let us see color as wavelength, l = 2pR. The smallest Geon is a black hole atomic Inner Grain (IG) of R = 9.342114752x10^-40 cm. Black holes without singularity are literally everywhere. Neither atoms or stars "collapse" to a black hole when releasable energy is expended; it is there as pre-existent, immutable, field-generating MDCOG.

Universal harmony (UH) was unknowingly observed about 265 BC as Archimedes ran naked on the streets of Syracuse shouting eureka because he had discovered his Principle and had weighed King Hiero’s crown to prove it a fraud. Fluid buoyancy was the unified force of electrodynamic gravity in disguise. French Physicist J.A.C Charles discovered (about 1787) that fluid-like R-size mass pts as air molecules, grow or expand in size as temperature increases while pressure is fixed. Kirchoff’s temperature-driven radiation buoyancy (about 1845), was followed by Wien’s displacement law (1893), to show that dark matter (Higgs) mass pts shrink as temperature increases. In between (1864), Maxwell showed that the current of fluid charge we call light, travels at a constant speed, c, in open space. Wheeler’s "How could it be otherwise" and Einstein’s Cosmological Constant, lay in the balanced simultaneous shrinking and expanding fluidity at the R/G mass pt Two-Set level where shrinking dark and expanding visible matter meet. Mass-energy as radiation is alternately stored and released by atoms per a two-way E = Mc².

Mapping of wavelength solely to events inside the atom using quantum numbers is a covariant mechanical farce, and the fringe and diffraction displacement data from sending light through various slit arrangements shows that waves are made of fine grain (Higgs field) particles bundled as individual y-curve photon packets.

Energy per unit wavelength indexes force, and per square cm makes Planck’s radiation law about energy surface radiation pressure. The energy of radiation is indeed bundled or quantized so that mass pt local application of force always has a value of h! The variable number of G-size mass pts it takes to fill a square cm is relative force value! Spacetime granulates or self-organizes for force unification at the mass pt = math pt local level! The unit force quantum bundle or "cell" is not a fixed-volume or surface area; but varies with temperature as a frequency of vibration. The local dipole shaped mass pt size marks the field gradient of the gradient as unified force; acting on visible matter according to the local strength of the immersing field, or per the radius, R, from the local black hole maximum density center (MDCOG). Proper interpretation of Planck’s plot is "as the radiating surface’s energy state (indexed by T) elevates, the average vibration displacement of that surface gets smaller; that is, the energy surface self-organizes (re-granulates in terms of G-size) such as to mark ambient energy density for the space it encloses!"

German physicist and Nobel Laureate (1911) Wilhelm Wien’s displacement law discovery says, l_max T = .2898 cm-degree Kelvin; i.e., the maximum-energy wavelength is inversely proportional to the temperature of the radiating body multiplied by .2898! The new field equation applies here in the form RT = .2898/2p as the average molecular energy state in terms of 3(v_R)² when T is converted to T’. One substitutes T = (h/k)T’- 1. T’ » 10¹⁴ cps for a Kelvin temperature on the order of 10⁴ degrees, a molecular R size of 10 ^–5 cm, so RT’ = 3(v_R)² » 10⁹ ergs. The fact that "temperature multiplied by resonating wavelength gives an energy state marking constant" says loudly, "Gravity field space is fluid and granulates when heated, and lab-contained molecules do not translate per kT = mv² but vibrate per hT’ = mv²+ k!"

Wien’s displacement law is also (1) about our seeing color as surface vibration displacement size and frequency and (2) about fluid space granulation per UH for both organic and inorganic matter. Radiation as unified force is a matter of UH-resonance at the interface between dark and visible matter. Color and most importantly, changing color, lets us see and feel dark matter; meaningfully relating it to Being and all that it embraces! Wheeler’s "why the quantum and existence?" is answered by anthropic principle. The quantum is mechanical stop for perception by beings comprised of specific sized atoms and electrons made of highly organized dark matter mass pts of a particular size regime. Radiation as unified force holds our dark matter base together in a holistically self-organized manner that produces an ever-emergent cognizance. That cognizance uses color to sense mass pt granularity in terms of the G-size Higgs particle defining the y-curve: (1) G = hc » 10^-16 cm for the open space transport of energy, as the Hubble constant; (2) G » 3x10^-2 cm for steady state transport of energy through our galactic boundary, as background radiation. The universe is not expanding, and Big Bang is also a covariant mechanical farce.

Kirchoff unknowingly showed that electrical resistance, capacitance, inductance, impedance and the dielectric constant all have to do with essentially infinite capability of atoms and molecules to store, release and alternate between energy states under electric potential control; applied in a geometrically precise way, using carefully shaped conductors and intervening dielectric materials. The atom and molecule as currently modeled are mechanically absurd and Max Planck’s solving of the ultraviolet catastrophe was a huge downturn for physics. It is fact that we cannot yet directly and reliably measure the wavelength of energy from a single atom or how that single emission might be scattered by a slit experiment, or influence the components of an electric circuit of whatever configuration! We went backwards in real mechanical understanding with what Max Planck innocently started; innocent because their was no way at the time to really see the profound implications of the discoveries of Archimedes, Charles, Kirchoff and Wien.

Einstein did not finish and the quantum mechanics model of the atom and the probablistic y-curve distribution of photon energy are mechanically unsound. As Penrose astutely points out, quantum mechanics does not have a coherent field concept, or a correct theory of space. The Bohr atom is crudely incomplete! Atoms radiate per average radius as in f = c/2pR and have a practical infinity of stored energy as Oppenheimer showed (1930) was implied by early electrodynamic theory. Also the Rydberg fine structure constant, and the strong force clearly imply very high energies not yet explained in a mechanically valid way; the not yet understood weak vs strong force "energy hierarchy" is living proof.

One offers a new model of the atom with a permanent non-singular black hole core of 10^-14 cm radius whose 1/h shells are strong-force bound by a precisely balanced set of 1/h² in-out oriented Z-electrons. Around the permanent core nucleus, growth proton and neutron shells provide alternate storage and release of up to 1/h electrons each; oscillatory energy states that define the given element. E = Mc² is indeed a two-way cyclic storage and release of electrons to/from atoms and molecules; the perfect cosmological constant, dynamic balance of the universe that Einstein thought he had not found!

It typically takes a ring of atoms to create information carrying transfer of energy that puts a line in the spectra and creates fringe patterns! Mind boggling and hugely prophetic, the photo shows otherwise-dark matter as flow-structured mass pt gravity fields that adjust shape to mark ambient energy density for the space they occupy!

One imagines it takes three atoms to store a bit of information; one a super-stable-ground-state atom for local reference and reliability, and two for polarity-arrow pointing that is molecule-shape detectable. Ionization absorption or reflection determines the setting. Whatever we do, it is merely using a pre-existent underlying process of physical reality at the molecular level. Protein-enzyme-catalyst molecules already provide molecular computing on a scale far beyond present reach; leaving essentially infinite future growth! Correct theory can never be truly final, but it is always a Higgs particle helical string enforced supergravity; one that first Einstein then Hawking almost found but then abandoned because they did not see that the mass/math pt needed causality as a molecular-sized, E = Mc² event-oscillator.

The truth about color

The truth about color is that f = v/2pr applies inside the atom as well as c/2pR outside. R is the average radius of the emitting, molecular sized, nested grouping of atoms and r is the radius of the orbiting electron inside the atom. Note that v is greater than or equal to c for circular orbiting electrons! Simple mechanics about wavelength were thrown aside by Bohr, who cleverly invented a statistical model of the atom that would allow correlation of frequency, of color, with changes of energy state in the atom. He did not see a four-fold determinism: (1) groupings of electron storage in protons shells inside the atom get absorbed and emitted in alternating synchrony to define energy states, (2) a given atom’s radius varies back and forth or vibrates per its energy state, (3) outside the atom at the radiating molecule level, is where the energy states are that define the larger part of the spectrum, and (4) the energy hierarchy problem is because of mechanical confusion about electron orbit radius and speed!

Universal Harmony (UH) allows us to experience and measure what is going on by molecular sized rings of synchronously emitting and absorbing atoms that touch our molecular substances without end, in a no force at a distance, mass-pt-to-mass-pt way. Per Re /G = 3v² = ÖM, v goes from c to 237c inside the atom. Inside the nucleus, UH forms an Inner Grain (IG) that acts as the Cosmic Sensor of Singularity, which blackbody and non-singular spinning black hole then builds a practical infinity of orbit-stored electrons. Maximum IG-core mass is quantized at 1/h² grams; having permanently captured all electrons (as light energy) within a radius of 10^-14 cm. Growth electrons stored at radii greater than 10^-14 up to 10^-8 cm populate proton shells that become growth neutron shells; which electrons are then alternately releasable and restorable under oscillating electrical potential (energy state) control. Atoms are powerful electrical engines for all material existence that aggregately pump lengthy helical strings of maximum density radiation as light of all colors; as would-be-closed-loop current flow in open space. A helical string of 1/h y- curves is one atom-stored circular orbit electron.

The atom has a spinning black hole maximum density center of gravity (MDCOG) of radius 1/2p(Ö(1/3h) or 10^-14 cm, whose mass is 1/h² grams; it allows electron-populated proton/neutron shell growth to a radius of Newton’s gravity constant or 6.67259x10^-8 cm to complete the new periodic table as newtonium with atomic number n = 1/h and an absolute mass of unity. S is the energy state, the ionization energy is W_Sn = (2 ± p)(v_SZn)²/c², where ± p is a fraction that expresses the relative mass of the average Z-electron, and v_SZn is it’s average orbit speed greater than c. An atom’s radius is r_0n = (2.24392816168x10^-14)A, where A is relative mass and goes to 2.973620152x10⁶ for newtonium. Atom absolute mass is m_n = nhW_0n ; W_0(1/h) = 1 for newtonium. At the atomic core, growth proton shells can be populated with up to 2/h circular orbit electrons. The neutron shell is a full proton shell that is locked by 1/h² = 10⁵² in-out oriented Z-electrons to the original hard core of 10^-14 cm radius.

The Earth’s energy surface mass is M_E = [RT’ = 3(v_R)²]²; where daily temperature changes by a factor of 10², and R goes from about 10^-4 to 10^-6 cm as granulated by T’ » 10¹⁴ to 10¹⁹ vibration-cps, as color and temperature. The molar gas constant, R = 8.3144x10⁷ in ergs, is the 3-axis vibration energy of a molecule of a 1-gram-wt of any substance held at the freezing point under 1 atmosphere, and is field equation expressed by, R_mm[T’]_{-32 °F} = R = 3v² = kN_A, where the Avogadro number, N_A, indexes unified vibration force as outward radiation pressure, and the Boltzmann constant, k, serves as a displacement of the mole’s replacement sphere energy surface; defined locally by R_mm/G_mH = 3v² = R, where R_mm = 1.45534x10^-5 cm, G_mH = 1.75039x10^-13 cm = 1/[T’]_{-32 °F}, and v = 5.26447x10³ cm/sec. All other physical constants are fully explained by solutions of the new field equation.

The surface mass of a visible matter field cannot be less than one, so that M_cos = (RT’)² = one gram for the local cosmos outer boundary, where T’ = h as minimum possible and the radiating molecule radius, R = 1/h which is also the cosmos MDCOG radius; requiring a cosmic size of r_cos = 1/h² = 10⁵² cm. MDCOG radii are given by ÖÖ(h^{(4 – x)}) where x = 2,3,4,5,6,7,8, in order for atom, Earth, Solar System (SS), our Sun as SS center, Milky Way Galaxy, Supergalaxy, and Cosmos. UH-required MDCOG radii are: an anthropic home base "Unity" = 1 cm for SS(4), 10¹² cm for Milky Way (6), 10¹⁹ cm for Supergalaxy (7), and 10²⁶ cm for cosmos (8). Our current limit for witnessing the infinite universe is a cosmic 10⁵² cm.

Epilogue: from Le Compte du Noüy’s "Human Destiny", "The evolved man has reached a state of development of his conscience which enables him to broaden his outlook and to become fully aware of the magnificent role he can play as a responsible actor in Evolution. Let him remember that the Law is, and always has been, to struggle and that the fight has lost nothing of its violence by being transposed from the material onto the spiritual plane; let him remember that his own dignity, his nobility as a human being, must emerge from his efforts to liberate himself from his bondage and to obey his deepest aspirations". May that emergence now inspire the multitude to discover what only a few have previously attained.

"The Nature of Physical Theory", by P.W. Bridgman (1936)

"Human Destiny", by Lecomte du Noüy (1949)

"Basic Theories of Physics", Peter Gabriel Bergmann (2 volumes, 1949,1951)

"The Feynman Lectures on Physics", Feynman, Leighton and Sands (1963)

"Gravitation", by Misner, Thorne and Wheeler (1973)

"The Emperor’s New Mind" by Roger Penrose (1989)

" Stephen Hawkin: Quest For a Theory of Everything", by Kitty Ferguson (1991)

"The Meaning of Quantum Theory" (1992), by Jim Baggott (1992)

"Dreams of a Final Theory" by Steven Weinberg (1992)

"The Origins of Order", Stuart A. Kauffman (1993)

"The God Particle", by Leon Lederman (1994)

"Shadows of the Mind" by Roger Penrose (1994)

"Synchronicity, Science and Soul Making", by Victor Mansfield (1995)

"Geons, Black Holes And Quantum Foam", John Archibald Wheeler with Kenneth Ford (1998)

"genes VII" by Benjamin Lewin (2000)