Temur Z. Kalanov

A new theory of space is suggested. It represents the new point of view which has arisen from the critical analysis of the foundations of physics (in particular the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics), mathematics, cosmology and philosophy. The main idea following from the analysis is that the concept of movement represents a key to understanding of the essence of space. The starting-point of the theory is represented by the following philosophical (dialectical–materialistic) principles.

1. The principle of the materiality (of the objective reality) of the Nature: the Nature (the Universe) is a system (a set) of material objects (particles, bodies, fields); each object has properties, features, and the properties, the features are inseparable characteristics of material object and belong only to material object.
2. The principle of the existence of material object: an object exists as the objective reality, and movement is a form of existence of object.
3. The principle (definition) of movement of object: the movement is change (i.e. transition of some states into others) in general; the movement determines a direction, and direction characterizes the movement.
4. The principle of existence of time: the time exists as the parameter of the system of reference.

These principles lead to the following statements expressing the essence of space.

1. There is no space in general, and there exist space only as a form of existence of the properties and features of the object. It means that the space is a set of the measures of the object (the measure is the philosophical category meaning unity of the qualitative and quantitative determinacy of the object). In other words, the space of the object is a set of the states of the object.
2. The states of the object are manifested only in a system of reference. The main informational property of the unitary system "researched physical object + system of reference" is that the "system of reference" determines (measures, calculates) the parameters of the subsystem "researched physical object" (for example, the coordinates of the object $M$); the parameters characterize the "system of reference" (for example, the system of coordinates $S$).
3. Each parameter of the object is its measure. Total number of the mutually independent parameters of the object is called dimension of the space of the object.
4. The set of numerical values (i.e. the range, the spectrum) of each parameter is the subspace of the object. (The coordinate space, the momentum space and the energy space are examples of the subspaces of the object).
5. The set of the parameters of the object is divided into two non–intersecting (opposite) classes: the class of the internal parameters and the class of the non–internal (i.e. external) parameters. The class of the external parameters is divided into two non–intersecting (opposite) subclasses: the subclass of the absolute parameters (characterizing the form, the sizes of the object) and the subclass of the non–absolute (relative) parameters (characterizing the position, the coordinates of the object).
6. Set of the external parameters forms the external space of object. It is called geometrical space of object.
7. Since a macroscopic object has three mutually independent sizes, the dimension of its external absolute space is equal to three. Consequently, the dimension of its external relative space is also equal to three. Thus, the total dimension of the external space of the macroscopic object is equal to nine.
8. In general case, the external absolute space (i.e. the form, the sizes) and the external relative space (i.e. the position, the coordinates) of any object are mutually dependent because of influence of a medium. The geometrical space of such object is called non–Euclidean space. If the external absolute space and the external relative space of some object are mutually independent, then the external relative space of such object is the homogeneous and isotropic geometrical space. It is called Euclidean space of the object.

Consequences:

1. The question of true geometry of the Universe is incorrect
2. The theory of relativity has no physical meaning

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